A laboratory technique for producing numerous copies of a specific genetic sequence for analysis. It employs reverse transcriptase, an enzyme, to convert a specific piece of RNA into a matching piece of DNA. This piece of DNA is then amplified (produced in large quantities) by another enzyme known as DNA polymerase. The amplified DNA copies aid in determining whether a gene produces a specific mRNA molecule. RT-PCR can be used to detect changes in a gene or chromosome, as well as the activation of specific genes, which can aid in the diagnosis of diseases such as cancer. It can also be used to study the RNA of certain viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the hepatitis C virus, to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of infections. Also known as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
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